To use the extended space, you should resize the partitions in the VM.
After the VirtualBox disk size is extended, the partitions are still the same size. Please note that you should replace the VDI path and the size according to your condition. VBoxManage modifyhd “C:\Users\Chris\VirtualBox VMs\Windows 7\Windows 7.vdi” -resize 81920.cd “C:\Program Files\Oracle\VirtualBox”.Please note that if your VirtualBox version is older than VirtualBox 6, you should use commands to enlarge VirtualBox VM disk size. In the Virtual Media Manager window, select a virtual hard disk from the list and use the “ Size” slider at the bottom of the window to change its size.Click File > Virtual Media Manager in the main VirtualBox window.Step 1: Change VirtualBox settings to allow it to use more physical space.
To make VirtualBox increase disk size, you just need to do two steps. Read More How to Increase VirtualBox Disk Size?